Section I Multiple Choice
(Suggested writing time 25 minutes; value 25% of your mark)

Each question is followed by four answers marked A, B, C and D. Select the best answer. When you have decided on your choice, record your answer in Section I of the answer booket.


Britannia's Body Guard

1. This illustration was drawn in support of
A internationalism
B imperial defence
C imperial expance
D colonial independence


June 1870

2. This cartoon deals with the Fenians, a group of Irish Americans who sought to harm Great Britian by attacking Canada from bases in the United States. This cartoon mostly likely appeared in a newspaper published by the
A Irish
B Fenians
C Americans
D Canadians


Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, New York, 28 November 1885, SAB

3. On November 28, 1885, Montrealers burned Sir John A Macdonald in effigy at the base of a statue of Queen Victoria. What event prompted this action?
A the Pacific Scandal
B the National Policy
C the execution of Louis Riel
D the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway


Grip, Toronto, 4 February 1888

Jug-Handled Protection
An exhibition of the results of the artificial fattening process in Canada, after nine years of experiment.

4. This cartoon is critical of
A free trade
B gluttony
C capitalism
D the protective tariff


National Home Monthly, Winnepag, November 1935, PAM

5. The overriding theme illustrated in the drawing is the idea of
A change
B progress
C movement
D transportation


To Canada, Ottawa, 1903

6. This cartoon was drawn to show that
A good fences make good neighbours
B the Americans intended to take over Western Canada
C the American government approved of emigration to Canada
D the American government disapproved of emigration to Canada



7. A good subtitle for this graph would be
A Canada's shift to the left
B Canada's shift to the right
C Canada's shift to the centre
D Canada's shift away from the centre


The London Advertiser, 10 December 1917

8. This advertisement was designed to appeal to opponents of
A conscription
B the Borden government
C the suffragette movement
D Canada's participation in the war

9. "I want to get rid of the Indian problem ...Our objective is to continue until there is not a single Indian in Canada that has not been absorbed into the body politic and there is no Indian Question and no Indian department".
Duncan Campbell Scott, Deputy Superintendant of Indian Affairs (1913-32)

Scott's policy is called
A assimilation
B extermination
C accomodation
D multiculturalism


The Halifax Herald, 5 February 1920

10. The cartoonist
A opposed conservation of natural resources
B supported conservation of natural resources
C opposed the export of unprocessed forest products
D supported the export of unproceeded forest products


The Grain Grower's Guide, Winnepeg, 10 September 1924

11. This illustration was drawn to show the
A impact of radio on rural communities
B need for publicly owned radio stations
C problems families face in selecting a station
D influence of American culture on Canadians


Le Jour, Montrealer, [tr]

12. This cartoon was most likely published in
A 1918
B 1928
C 1938
D 1948

13 Which of the following measures are primarily expressions of Canadian nationalism?
A granting women the franchise in 1918
B erection of a war memorial at Vimy Ridge, France 1936
C formation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 1936
D completion of the Alaska Highway, 1942
E the Family Allowance Act, 1944


The Institute of Public Affairs, Halifax, 1943

14. The changes to Canadian society proposed by the Marsh Report in 1943 are called
A medicare
B communism
C social credit
D social security

15. "This policy is in the best tradition of the Liberal party. This policy is the latest link in the long chain of events which, following the principles laid down by the Reformers of old times, Baldwin and Lafontaine, step by step, stage by stage, have brought Canada into the position it now occupies, that is to say, the rank, dignity and status of a nation within the British Empire."
Sir Wilfred Laurier, House of Commons Debates, 3 February 1910

Laurier was defending his decision to
A build and man a Canadian Navy
B give British money to expand the Royal Navy
C build and man naval vessels to be controlled by Britain
D build and man naval vessels to be controlled by Canada in peacetime and Britain in wartime


Pacific Advocate, Vancouver, 12 April 1946

16. This table was produced to illustrate
A inflation
B deflation
C increased standard of living
D more consumer purchasing power


Ford Facts, Detroit, 2 October 1947

17. The newspaper in which this cartoon appeared was likely published by
A a labour union
B the government
C the Conservative Party
D the Ford Motor Company


La Reforme, Montreal, 20-27 October 1962 [tr]

18. The Liberal campaign slogan was intended to
A promote Quebec independence
B stimulate the development of industry
C develop Quebec's hydroelectric potential
D strengthen Quebec's control over its economy

SHOULD PARLIAMENT REPRESENT THE PEOPLE?
Abe Lincoln said: Government by the People, of the People and for the People

Canadian Packinghouse Worker, Toronto, March 1960

19. If parliament was representative of the population, which party would be most likely to benefit?
A Liberal Party
B Communist Party
C Progressive Conservative Party
D Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Party



20. This graph shows the growth of the four largest cities in Canada (Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver and Winnipeg). Montreal is represented by line
A A
B B
C C
D D


The Citizen, Prince George, 14 September 1967

21. This map best illustrates Canada's position as a
A member of NORAD
B major military power
C monitor of weather conditions in the north
D producer of modern navigational equipment



22. The correct chronological order of the above drawings (from earliest to latest) is
A A,B,C,D
B D,C,B,A
C C,D,A,B
D D,B,C,A


The Georgia Straight, Vancouver, 20-27 April 1971

23. This post is directed against the government(s) of
A Canada
B Vietnam
C the United States
D Canada and the United States


The Toronto Daily Star, 28 March 1967

24. The primary issue in this cartoon is
A bias
B politics
C nationalism
D friendly competition


The Star Weekly, Toronto, 5 May 1945, PAM

25. This advertisement appeals to all of the following except
A idealism
B patriotism
C imperialism
D regionalism

Section 11 Paragraph Response Question
(Suggested writing time 15 minutes; value 15% of your mark)

Starting in 1943 the federal government made a serious effort to attract women into the armed forces. To what extent would a campaign based on these three posters have been effective in recruiting women into the armed forces?






The University of Western Ontario Archives

Section III Essay Response Question
(Suggested writing time 80 minutes; value 60% of your mark)

The purpose of this section is to test your ability to analyze and interpret historical documents. To complete this task successfully, consider these following steps and suggested time allowances:
   (1) Read the background information and the instructions (5 min)
   (2) Read and analyze documents 1-10 (20 min)
   (3) Decide on a thesis and prepare an outline for your essay (10 min)
   (4) Write your essay in Section III of the answer booklet (40 min)
   (5) Proofread your essay (5 min)
Use as many of these documents as possible.
Only the essay will be marked.

Background Information

On April 22 1915, Germany launched a poison gas attack on Allied troops at Ypres. On May 6 the Globe and Mail carried a report about the battle stating the "the Canadians ... are mad with rage because they say they have found one of their men crucified." Many reports surfaced about this incident. Investigations in 1919 concluded that the story was made up. Since then new evidence has emerged.

Instructions
Read documents 1-10. Considering the reliability of the documents, write an essay to answer this question: Was the story of the crucified Canadian based on fact? Be sure to indicate where you found the evidence to support your thesis.
(Documents 1,2,3 etc - cite as D1,D2,D3 etc)


Map showing the location of Ypres

Document 1


The Calgary Daily Herald, 2 Nov 1918

Document 2

CJC Clayton ... brings a message from Captain RAS Allen ... who died of wounds in a hospital ... confirming the horrible story of crucifixion of a Canadian sergeant by the Germans. Clayton says ...'Allen went on to declare that ... a Canadian sergeant was tied up by the arms and legs to a tree and pierced sixty time by German bayonets.' Clayton says the sergeant's name was given him by Allen, but in the confusion of wounding he cannot now find it ...
   The Paris correspondent of the Morning Post say today: 'Wounded Canadians ... heard it [the story of a crucified Canadian soldier] from officers in the Dublin Fusillers who actually came across the body nailed to a door with hands and feet pierced with bayonets. The body was riddled with bullets.'

"Canadian Was Crucified," The Toronto Star, May 11, 1915

Document 3

On April 25, 1915, after I was taken prisoner by the Germans ... [I was] marched past a barn behind the German first line trench near Ypres, or about three miles from St Julien. We were all shown three Canadians, one corporal and two privates, nailed to the barn door with bayonets. Their arms were stretched out and a bayonet driven through each hand. Their feet were crossed and there was one bayonet through the feet of each ... Their heads were drooped, and blood was all over the bard door.

Augusta Nelson was taken prisoner near Ypres in 1915. After being repatriated [sent back to Canada] he signed this sworn statement in August 1917.

Document 4

On or about April 23rd 1915 ... My platoon was proceeding along St Jean road [the road between Ypres and St Jean] when I noticed a soldier pinned to a barn door with bayonets ... There was a bayonet through each wrist and his head hung forward on his breast as though he were dead. I could not see any bullet wound but did notice Maple Leaf badges on his collar.

Corporal William Metcalfe, Victoria Cross winner, made this sworn statement on 27 February 1919

Document 5

As I have repeatedly stated and written, I have never come across any positive evidence that such a crucifixion ever took place. I know of a great many who used every endeavour to find out whether there was a justification for making this charge against the Germans, but nothing definite was ever ascertained.

Sir Arthur Currie [commander of the 2nd Brigade at Ypres], letter to Edward Kemp, the minister of overseas military forces, 26 March 1919

Document 6

Map of the second battle of Ypres

Based on a map found in The Canadian Courier, 7 Aug 1915

Document 7

"Honour Roll ... Brother [Sergeant Harry] Band served in France, was taken prisoner by the Germans and met death by crucifixion while in the hands of the enemy."

Minutes of the Sons of Temperance, Moncton, New Brunswick, 14 July 1920

Document 8

The names of members of the British and Empire armies who died in the fighting around Ypres and whose bodies were never found are inscribed on a gate on a main road leading towards the front line of the Second Battle of Ypres.
 

This information comes from Cemetery Reports, Menin Gate, Ypres

Document 9

[A soldier wrote to tell Elizabeth Petrie that her brother Harry had died. When she wrote back to ask how he died, two soldiers told her that he had been crucified. This letter to her brother became public in 1987.]

Dear Martin: I have got another letter admitting the crucifixion of Harry ... I have got it at last, the horrible details. Don't tell Bertha tham all. I told her he was crucified, but they took him down alive. He was all hacked to bits and spat on and his eyes out. Oh, Martin, think of it, and yet the War Office has never notified me ...

Letter by Elizabeth Petrie to her brother, 20 June 1916

Document 10

British Red Cross nurse Ursula Challoner treated an eyewitness at the Battle of Ypres, who named the crucified soldier as Harry Band. A letter she wrote on 11 July 1915, containing this information, was found among her personal papers, when she died many years later.

Answer Sheet